El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una de las dificultades neuropsicológicas más frecuentes en la infancia. Afecta principalmente a la capacidad para mantener la atención, al control de la hiperactividad y a la regulación de los impulsos.
Aunque suele diagnosticarse en la infancia, en muchos casos el TDAH continúa en la adolescencia y en la edad adulta. Por eso, detectarlo y abordarlo a tiempo es clave para evitar problemas de aprendizaje, autoestima y adaptación escolar.
Si te preguntas si tu hijo o hija puede estar desarrollando estos síntomas, este artículo te ayudará a entender qué es normal y cuándo conviene consultar con una pedagoga o neuropsicóloga en Madrid.
¿Cuáles son los síntomas del TDAH?
La dificultad para prestar atención es el síntoma más conocido, pero no es el único. En consulta vemos tres grandes áreas:
🔹 Dificultades de atención
Los niños/as y adolescentes con TDAH suelen:
-
distraerse fácilmente
-
no terminar tareas
-
perder materiales
-
cometer errores por descuido
-
parecer que “no escuchan” cuando se les habla
Esto suele afectar a la lectura, la escritura, los exámenes y los deberes.
🔹 Hiperactividad
Algunos niños/as y adolescentes presentan:
-
movimiento constante
-
dificultad para estar sentados
-
hablar en exceso
-
tocarlo todo
-
sensación de “motor encendido”
Esto no es mala educación, sino una dificultad real para regular su nivel de activación.
🔹 Impulsividad
Es frecuente que:
-
interrumpan
-
actúen sin pensar
-
tengan poca tolerancia a la espera
-
reaccionen con mucha intensidad
-
hagan cosas arriesgadas
Esto puede generar conflictos en clase, en casa y con otros niños/as y adolescentes.
No quiere decir que estas características siempre sean de unos/as niños/as o adolescentes con TDAH, sabemos que por naturaleza suelen ser fáciles de distraer, inquietos/as, impacientes o impulsivos/as. Estas características no siempre indican que padece TDAH, pero sí que cuando van creciendo con la ayuda de los mayores, la atención, la actividad y el autocontrol se van mejorando. Pero algunos niños/as y adolescentes no mejoran estos aspectos y cuando estás características continúan y empiezan a causar problemas en muchos entornos, es posible que trate de un TDAH.
¿Todos los niños inquietos tienen TDAH?
No. Muchos niños son movidos, distraídos o impulsivos, especialmente en determinadas etapas.
La diferencia está en que, en el desarrollo típico, estas habilidades mejoran con la edad y la maduración.
Cuando estas dificultades:
-
no mejoran
-
son muy intensas
-
afectan al colegio, a la familia o a las relaciones
entonces conviene valorar si existe un TDAH u otra dificultad neuropsicológica.
¿Por qué aparece el TDAH?
No existe una única causa. Sabemos que el componente genético es muy importante. También influyen factores como:
-
prematuridad
-
bajo peso al nacer
-
exposición a toxinas durante el embarazo
Es importante aclarar que el TDAH no lo causan:
-
las pantallas
-
una mala educación
-
el azúcar
Aunque estos factores pueden empeorar los síntomas, no son la causa del trastorno.
No se conoce con certeza la causa del TDAH, pero existen evidencias de que el factor hereditario juega un papel importante. O incluso, también son más proclives a tener un TDAH cuando nacen antes de tiempo, se exponen a toxinas ambientales o sus madres consumen droga durante el embarazo.
Pero, por el contrario, es importante aclarar que el TDAH no se debe a que el niño pase demasiado tiempo delante de las pantallas, una mala educación en casa o que coman demasiado azúcar (todo esto es perjudicial, pero no son una causa para el TDAH).
¿Cómo se diagnostica el TDAH?
El diagnóstico debe realizarlo un profesional mediante una valoración completa. En nuestro gabinete de pedagogía y neuropsicología en Madrid, este proceso incluye:
-
entrevista con la familia
-
cuestionarios a padres y profesores
-
pruebas de atención, funciones ejecutivas, inteligencia y aprendizaje
-
análisis del estado emocional
Esto es clave porque muchos niños con TDAH también presentan:
-
dificultades de lectura o escritura
-
ansiedad
-
problemas de conducta
-
baja autoestima
Un buen diagnóstico evita errores y permite diseñar un plan realmente útil.
Es importante que, si observas síntomas de TDAH en tu hijo, es crucial que programes una cita con un especialista para una evaluación completa.
¿Cómo se trata el TDAH?
El tratamiento más eficaz es siempre multidisciplinar y adaptado a cada niño. Puede incluir:
-
intervención psicopedagógica y neuropsicológica
-
entrenamiento en funciones ejecutivas
-
orientación a la familia
-
apoyo escolar
-
y, en algunos casos, tratamiento médico
No se trata de “cambiar al niño”, sino de darle las herramientas que su cerebro necesita para funcionar mejor.
Cómo trabajamos el TDAH en Keili Koulu
En Keili Koulu, tu gabinete de pedagogía y neuropsicología educativa en Madrid, abordamos el TDAH de forma global y personalizada. Nos importa:
-
quién es el niño
-
cómo aprende
-
cómo se siente
-
y qué necesita su entorno
Cuando un niño con TDAH recibe la ayuda adecuada, duerme bien, tiene apoyo familiar y aprende estrategias útiles, su rendimiento, su conducta y su autoestima pueden mejorar de forma muy significativa.
¿Te preocupa la atención o el comportamiento de tu hijo?
Si estás en Madrid y notas que tu hijo:
-
no se concentra
-
suspende
-
se frustra
-
o tiene problemas de conducta
una valoración neuropsicológica puede darte respuestas claras.
📍 Pide tu primera orientación en Keili Koulu y da el primer paso para ayudarle de verdad.
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